C++ Program For ROUND ROBIN Scheduling Algorithm

In this tutorial, we will be learning the algorithm and implementation part for the round-robin scheduling algorithm. Before starting with the algorithm, let's have a look at what is round-robin.

The Round-robin (RR) scheduling algorithm is designed especially for timesharing systems.

It is similar to FCFS scheduling except that is a purely preemptive algorithm.

A small unit of time, called a time quantum or time slice, is defined. A time quantum is generally from 10 to 100 milliseconds

The ready queue is treated as a circular queue. The ready queue is treated like a FIFO queue of processes. New processes are added to the tail of the ready queue. The CPU picks the first process from the ready queue, sets a timer to interrupt after a 1-time quantum, and dispatches the process.

C++ Program For Round Robin Algorithm

The CPU scheduler travels the ready queue, allocates the CPU to each process for a time interval of up to 1-time quantum, the process is preempted and the next process in the queue is allocated to the CPU.

If the process has a CPU burst of less than 1-time quantum then the process releases the CPU and the scheduler selects the next process in the ready queue.

If the CPU burst of the currently running process is longer than 1-time quantum, the timer will go off and will cause an interrupt to the operating system. A context switch will be executed, and the process will be put at the tail of the ready queue. The CPU scheduler will then select the next process in the ready queue.

//Learnprogramo - programming made Simple
// C++ program for implementation of RR scheduling 
#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; 
// Function to find the waiting time for all 
// processes 
void findWaitingTime(int processes[], int n, 
			int bt[], int wt[], int quantum) 
{ 
	// Make a copy of burst times bt[] to store remaining 
	// burst times. 
	int rem_bt[n]; 
	for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) 
		rem_bt[i] = bt[i]; 
	int t = 0; // Current time 
	// Keep traversing processes in round robin manner 
	// until all of them are not done. 
	while (1) 
	{ 
		bool done = true; 
		// Traverse all processes one by one repeatedly 
		for (int i = 0 ; i < n; i++) 
		{ 
			// If burst time of a process is greater than 0 
			// then only need to process further 
			if (rem_bt[i] > 0) 
			{ 
				done = false; // There is a pending process 
				if (rem_bt[i] > quantum) 
				{ 
					// Increase the value of t i.e. shows 
					// how much time a process has been processed 
					t += quantum; 
					// Decrease the burst_time of current process 
					// by quantum 
					rem_bt[i] -= quantum; 
				} 
				// If burst time is smaller than or equal to 
				// quantum. Last cycle for this process 
				else
				{ 
					// Increase the value of t i.e. shows 
					// how much time a process has been processed 
					t = t + rem_bt[i]; 
					// Waiting time is current time minus time 
					// used by this process 
					wt[i] = t - bt[i]; 
					// As the process gets fully executed 
					// make its remaining burst time = 0 
					rem_bt[i] = 0; 
				} 
			} 
		} 
		// If all processes are done 
		if (done == true) 
		break; 
	} 
} 
// Function to calculate turn around time 
void findTurnAroundTime(int processes[], int n, 
						int bt[], int wt[], int tat[]) 
{ 
	// calculating turnaround time by adding 
	// bt[i] + wt[i] 
	for (int i = 0; i < n ; i++) 
		tat[i] = bt[i] + wt[i]; 
} 
// Function to calculate average time 
void findavgTime(int processes[], int n, int bt[], 
									int quantum) 
{ 
	int wt[n], tat[n], total_wt = 0, total_tat = 0; 
	// Function to find waiting time of all processes 
	findWaitingTime(processes, n, bt, wt, quantum); 
	// Function to find turn around time for all processes 
	findTurnAroundTime(processes, n, bt, wt, tat); 
	// Display processes along with all details 
	cout << "Processes "<< " Burst time "
		<< " Waiting time " << " Turn around time\n"; 
	// Calculate total waiting time and total turn 
	// around time 
	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) 
	{ 
		total_wt = total_wt + wt[i]; 
		total_tat = total_tat + tat[i]; 
		cout << " " << i+1 << "\t\t" << bt[i] <<"\t "
			<< wt[i] <<"\t\t " << tat[i] <<endl; 
	} 
	cout << "Average waiting time = "
		<< (float)total_wt / (float)n; 
	cout << "\nAverage turn around time = "
		<< (float)total_tat / (float)n; 
} 
int main() 
{ 
	// process id's 
	int processes[] = { 1, 2, 3}; 
	int n = sizeof processes / sizeof processes[0]; 
	// Burst time of all processes 
	int burst_time[] = {10, 5, 8}; 
	// Time quantum 
	int quantum = 2; 
	findavgTime(processes, n, burst_time, quantum); 
	return 0; 
} 

Processes Burst time Waiting time Turn around time
1 10 13 23
2 5 10 15
3 8 13 21
Average waiting time = 12
Average turnaround time = 19.6667